1) What was the London Conference and what were it’s ramifications? Pg 800
The London Conference was the gathering of 66 nations in 1933 to discuss a way to alleviate the global depression. They wanted to stabilize values of numerous nations' currency it could be exchanged. However, FDR did not want to associate with them because he wanted to focus on domestic recovery first, so he withdrew his delegate Cordell Hull.
2) What were the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937? And what were their effects? Pg 805
These acts were passed to legislate that the nation would not engage in warfare. They stated that when the president called a foreign war, certain restrictions would come into effect. These effects were no Americans on belligerent ships, no selling or transporting munitions to belligerents, and no making loans to belligerents.
3) What happened in Spain and how did American actions effect the outcome? Pg 806
Spain was undergoing the Spanish Civil War in which Spanish rebels, led by General Francisco Franco, were trying to overthrow the republican government in Madrid. Franco was backed up by Hitler and Mussolini, who both gave him supplies and men. America decided to extend its neutrality legislation to apply an arms embargo to Loyalists and rebels, thus refusing to give Spain supplies. Therefore, Franco was successful in overthrowing the government and the dictators of the world were well on their way to WWII.
4) What were the Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies and the America First Committee examples of? P 812
The interventionists created a propaganda group called the Committee to Defend America by Aiding Allies. The America First Committee was the group created by the isolationists. They believed that America should focus on defending its own shores first.
5) What did, “better a third term that a third rater” mean? P 814
Wendell Willkie, republican nominee for President in the election of 1940, was running against FDR, who was going for his third term. Realizing what a big threat Willkie was, the Democrats had to call back "the Champ" and let the experienced one run the war. "Better a third tern than a third rater" means that FDR is the one qualified for the job even if he had 3 terms. Yet, this was better than the novice who has no prior war experience.
6) Explain the “Arsenal of Democracy” p 815
This idea is derived from the Lend Lease Law, which stated that the U.S. would aid the Allies by lending them their guns and weapons so long they return them afterwards. FDR said that they would become an "arsenal of democracy" that supplied a limitless amount of arms so as to not send any men.
7) What was the Atlantic Charter and what was it’s importance? P 817
The Atlantic Charter was created by Winston Churchill and FDR during the Atlantic Conference. This stated its eight points that told of the aspirations of the democracies of the world. It said no territorial questions unless the citizens self-determined it, give right to the people to choose own kind of government, and to regain any governments that were destroyed by dictators. This charter also asked for no armament and asked for a peace of security. This is important because it showed that America was no longer neutral at this point.
8) What effect did the start of War have on Immigrants and attitudes towards immigrants? P 822
WWII strengthened the patriotism of many ethnic groups in America. Since immigration had been shut down for two decades at that point, these immigrants were now well-off members of society. However, due to the bombing at Pearl Harbor, the government passed laws for Japanese internment, forcing Japanese to leave their homes and belongings and live in an uncomfortable internment camp.
9) How did the War effect industry, give examples? P 826
Over $100 billion in military orders came in and helped fix the Great Depression. The War Production Board took control of the industry once again and many war materials grew greatly in supply. Nonessential items were not a priority to be made. The War Labor Board also placed a ceiling on wage increases. Many groups disliked these ceilings and went on strike. As a result, Congress passed the Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act to allow government to take and control industries hindered by strike.
The London Conference was the gathering of 66 nations in 1933 to discuss a way to alleviate the global depression. They wanted to stabilize values of numerous nations' currency it could be exchanged. However, FDR did not want to associate with them because he wanted to focus on domestic recovery first, so he withdrew his delegate Cordell Hull.
2) What were the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937? And what were their effects? Pg 805
These acts were passed to legislate that the nation would not engage in warfare. They stated that when the president called a foreign war, certain restrictions would come into effect. These effects were no Americans on belligerent ships, no selling or transporting munitions to belligerents, and no making loans to belligerents.
3) What happened in Spain and how did American actions effect the outcome? Pg 806
Spain was undergoing the Spanish Civil War in which Spanish rebels, led by General Francisco Franco, were trying to overthrow the republican government in Madrid. Franco was backed up by Hitler and Mussolini, who both gave him supplies and men. America decided to extend its neutrality legislation to apply an arms embargo to Loyalists and rebels, thus refusing to give Spain supplies. Therefore, Franco was successful in overthrowing the government and the dictators of the world were well on their way to WWII.
4) What were the Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies and the America First Committee examples of? P 812
The interventionists created a propaganda group called the Committee to Defend America by Aiding Allies. The America First Committee was the group created by the isolationists. They believed that America should focus on defending its own shores first.
5) What did, “better a third term that a third rater” mean? P 814
Wendell Willkie, republican nominee for President in the election of 1940, was running against FDR, who was going for his third term. Realizing what a big threat Willkie was, the Democrats had to call back "the Champ" and let the experienced one run the war. "Better a third tern than a third rater" means that FDR is the one qualified for the job even if he had 3 terms. Yet, this was better than the novice who has no prior war experience.
6) Explain the “Arsenal of Democracy” p 815
This idea is derived from the Lend Lease Law, which stated that the U.S. would aid the Allies by lending them their guns and weapons so long they return them afterwards. FDR said that they would become an "arsenal of democracy" that supplied a limitless amount of arms so as to not send any men.
7) What was the Atlantic Charter and what was it’s importance? P 817
The Atlantic Charter was created by Winston Churchill and FDR during the Atlantic Conference. This stated its eight points that told of the aspirations of the democracies of the world. It said no territorial questions unless the citizens self-determined it, give right to the people to choose own kind of government, and to regain any governments that were destroyed by dictators. This charter also asked for no armament and asked for a peace of security. This is important because it showed that America was no longer neutral at this point.
8) What effect did the start of War have on Immigrants and attitudes towards immigrants? P 822
WWII strengthened the patriotism of many ethnic groups in America. Since immigration had been shut down for two decades at that point, these immigrants were now well-off members of society. However, due to the bombing at Pearl Harbor, the government passed laws for Japanese internment, forcing Japanese to leave their homes and belongings and live in an uncomfortable internment camp.
9) How did the War effect industry, give examples? P 826
Over $100 billion in military orders came in and helped fix the Great Depression. The War Production Board took control of the industry once again and many war materials grew greatly in supply. Nonessential items were not a priority to be made. The War Labor Board also placed a ceiling on wage increases. Many groups disliked these ceilings and went on strike. As a result, Congress passed the Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act to allow government to take and control industries hindered by strike.